Apparatus for treating textile material

ABSTRACT

THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE IS DIRECTED TO AN APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS WHICH COMPRISES A HEAT-INSULATED TREATMENT CHAMBER, A PLURALITY OF SIEVE DRUM MEANS SUBJECTED TO A SUCTION DRAFT ROTATABLY DISPOSED WITHIN SAID TREATMENT CHAMBER, FAN MEANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SIEVE DRUM MEANS FOR PRODUCING A SUCTION DRAFT AND FOR CIRCULATING THE TREATMENT MEDIUM IN SAID TREATMENT CHAMBER, HEATING MEANS PROVIDED IN THE CIRCULATION ZONE OF THE TREATMENT MEDIUM, TENTERING MEANS CONTAINING TENSIONING CHAINS AT LEAST PARTIALLY DISPOSED OUTSIDE OF THE TREATMENT CHAMBER AS INLET MEANS, SAID TENTERING MEANS COOPERATING WITH THE SIEVE DRUM MEANS FOR THE EFFECTIVE CONVEYANCE OF THE MATERIAL BEING TREATED TO SAID SIEVE DRUM MEANS, A SUPPORTING MEANS DISPOSED BELOW THE TENSIONING CHAINS FOR SUPPORTING THE MATERIAL DISPOSED ON SAID CHAINS AND OUTLET MEANS FOR REMOVING THE MATERIAL BEING TREATED FROM THE TREATMENT CHAMBER.

June 22, 1971 H. FLEISSNER 3,535,733

APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIAL Original Filed June 9, 1969 '7SheetsSheet 1 lnven/or cr'm Anlbnul", Stewa t Q June 22, 1971 H.FLEISSNER 3,585,733

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APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIAL Original Filed June 9, 1969 7Sheets-Sheet, 5

Fig. 5

lnvenlor June 22, 1971 H. FLEVISSNER 3,585,733

APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIAL Original Filed June 9, 1969 7Sheets-Sheet 4 In van [or [iv Craig, Antoneui, Stexmrt Hm June 22, 1971H. FLEISSNER APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIAL Original Filed June9, 1969 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 In en/0r ,y /z [171M411 Craig, Anlbnelh',Stewart 1 4" June 22, 1971 FLESSNER 3,585,733

APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIAL Original Filed June 9, 1969 7Sheets-Sheet 6 Fig. 10

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APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIAL Original Filed June 9, 1969 7Sheets-Sheet '7 Fig.1]

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/0 v enlar f Patented June 22, 1971 3,585,733 APPARATUS FOR TREATINGTEXTILE MATERIAL Heinz Fleissner, Egelsbach, near Frankfurt am Main,Germany, assignor to VEPA AG Application June 9, 1969, Ser. No. 831,686,now Patent No. 3,521,378, dated July 7, 1970, which is acontinuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 654,728, July 20, 1967.Divided and this application Nov. 21, 1969, Ser. No. 877,563 Claimspriority, application Germany, June 8, 1968, P 17 60 604.1; June 22,1968, P 17 60 717.9; June 27, 1968, P 17 60 751.9; Apr. 8, 1969, P 19 17757.2; May 9, 1969, P 19 23 668.1

Int. Cl. F26b 13/30 US. Cl. 34-115 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSUREThe present disclosure is directed to an apparatus for the treatment ofmaterials which comprises a heat-insulated treatment chamber, aplurality of sieve drum means subjected to a suction draft rotatablydisposed within said treatment chamber, fan means associated with thesieve drum means for producing a suction draft and for circulating thetreatment medium in said treatment chamber, heating means provided inthe circulation zone of the treatment medium, tentering means containingtensioning chains at least partially disposed outside of the treatmentchamber as inlet means, said tentering means cooperating with the sievedrum means for the effective conveyance of the material being treated tosaid sieve drum means, a supporting means disposed below the tensioningchains for supporting the material disposed on said chains and outletmeans for removing the material being treated from the treatmentchamber.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This is a division of application Ser. No.831,686 filed June 9, 1969 and now Patent 3,521,378 which latterapplication is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 654,728filed July 20, 1967, now Patent 3,503,134 issued on Mar. 31, 1970.

The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for thetreatment, e.g. drying, steaming, fixing, condensing and the like, ofmaterials, particularly textile materials, such as cloth, knit fabrics,composite fiber materials, tufted goods, etc., by utilizing a gaseoustreatment medium, for example air, steam, or steam-air mixtures. Theapparatus of the present invention includes a heat-insulated housingcontaining as the conveying means at least one sieve means subjected toa suction draft, preferably a perforated sieve drum means, and one ormore fan means for the generation of said suction draft and for thepurposes of circulating the treatment medium. A heating means is alsoprovided for heating the treatment medium.

It is known to combine devices of this type with a tentering device insuch a manner that the material is guided, while being stretched alongits width, directly up to the placement or transfer of said material tothe conveying means subjected to a suction draft. Such a guidance of thematerial preliminary to its introduction onto a conveying meanssubjected to a suction draft exhibits the advantage that the width ofthe wide-stretched material is substantially retained by the suctiondraft and thus is prevented from shrinking.

The utilization of the throughflow principle and the conveyance onperforated conveying means during the treatment affords considerableadvantages as compared to a sole tenter frame treatment. The particularadvantages of the throughfiow principle include extremely brieftreatment times and an extremely uniform treatment effect. By placingthe material on sieve means during the treatment process, a more uniformcharacter of the materials is obtained particularly in the case offixing treatments and generally in the case of treating mesh material.By the utilization of a tentering station, the material can beprestretched to a specific width. Furthermore, spin folds (creases) canalso be substantially eliminated, and a good shrinkage of the materialcan be achieved, for example, by steaming of the material in thetentering zone.

One of the problems encountered in the use of tentering devices is thatthe material sags between the tentering chains. This can promote theformation of arcs in case of treating very wide webs of material tendingtoward arc formation. Also, the tensile forces are correspondingly highwhen treating wet textile material, especially in the case of thickgoods such as tufted rugs and stitched felts. In the case of wide websof material, it is very diflicult to fully eliminate oblique distortionand arcs solely by the chains of the tenter station, that is, bytemporarily having one chain lead or lag behind with respect to theother chain. Also, in the case of sensitive knit fabric webs having awidth of about 3 m. and more, a sagging of the material isdisadvantageous since as a result, the loops or stitches in the marginalzones are stretched out of shape more readily and to a greater degreethan those in the central zone.

In connection with tentering stations, it is conventional to disposecords or pipes between the tentering chains, on which elements thematerial rests and thus is prevented from sagging. However, such anarrangement of stationary supporting units is undesirable since thematerial slides along these stationary elements and thus is braked. Thedisadvantage of arc formation as a consequence of structural changes inthe marginal zone also occurs in this arrangement and even to anincreased extent.

In order to eliminate the spin creases, and in order to stretch thematerial to a specific width, a certain length of the tentering stationis required, for example, at least about 4 m. or more. The longer thetentering station, the more favorable aifected is the material. However,lengthening the tentering station is expensive and in addition producesthe disadvantage that the space requirements become correspondinglylarger. In general, only a limited space is available for such treatmentplants. Therefore, it is desired to keep the plant as short in length aspossible. By employing the perforated drum principle, a shortening ofthe treatment time and thus also a shortening of the length of thetreatment plant can be achieved. However, in the case of treatingvarious materials which tend to shrink substantially in fiber fixingprocesses, the suction draft of the perforated drum alone isinsufficient for preventing these materials from shrinking in theirwidth. For example, fabrics and textile webs of polyproplyene exhibit ahigher shrinking capacity. Thus, it is advantageous for textile webswhich tend to shrink greatly to be heated to the treatment temperaturewhile they are still held in the tentering chains of the tentering zone,that is, before they are freely guided onto the surfaces of perforatedsieve drums subjected to a suction draft.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION treatment process and apparatus in adistortion-free manner.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an improvedprocess and apparatus for the treatment of textile materials wherein asubstantial reduction in apparatus cost and space can be achievedthereby making the present system economically advantageous.

Other objects and further scope of applicability of the presentinvention will become apparent from the detailed description givenhereinafter; it should be understood, however, that the detaileddescription and specific examples, while indicating preferredembodiments of the invention are given by way of illustration only,since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope ofthe invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from thisdetailed description.

Pursuant to the present invention, it has been found that theabovementioned disadvantages may be eliminated and a much improvedprocess and apparatus for the treatment of textile materials may beobtained by providing at least one endless supporting elementassociatetd with the tentering device, which travels along with saidtentering device. The supporting elements, according to one embodimentof the present invention, can consist of cords or strings (bands orbelt) spaced at mutual distances from each other. In this connection, itis advantageous to arrange the cords and strings on the side carryingthe material, and at a slight angle with respect to each other in thedirection of travel, in such a manner that the strings preferablydiverge from one another, as seen in the direction of travel. Anotherdesirable arrangement results by disposing a broad supporting bandbetween the tentering chains. In this connection, the supporting band(belt) is arranged at the level of the tentering plane or slightlytherebelow.

Another favorable possibility resides in disposing the tentering chainsabove the supporting element thereby guiding the web of material alongthe underside of said tentering chains. This arrangement exhibits theparticular advantage that the supporting element, for example thesupporting vand can be provided wider than the tentering width, so thatthe entire width of the material can rest on the supporting element. Thearrangement of supporting elements affords the further advantage thatsaid elements can be additionally conducted, at least partially, above aperforated drum, and thus the material being treated is held between theperforated drum and the supporting elements during the heating-upprocedure. Accordingly, the material is preventetd from shrinking in itswidth due to an even greater extent than already effected by the suctiondraft exerted by the drum. In order to remove the web of material fromthe needles (pins) of the supporting element, a conventional perforatedroll, which is under a suction draft, can be employed. This ensures thatthe material is unequivocally held by a suction draft along itsperipheral edges, even along the path between the transfer area and theconveyance onto the perforated drum.

The provision of using a supporting element between the tentering chainsexhibits the additional advantage that said element can temporarily bedriven faster or more slowly by the interposition of an appropriategear, and thus can be employed to compensate for are distortions in thematerial.

The use of a supporting element, particularly a bandshaped supportingelement, makes it additionally possible, according to the presentinvention, to utilize the apparatus in a substantially more versatilemanner. Thus, it is possible to employ the present apparatus fortreating tubular, band-shaped or diagonally disposed materials, as wellas for fluffy goods and for multi-web operation, if the supportingelement is arranged and correspondingly constructured to order to serveas the inlet for these materials. Apparatus with versatile applicationis of great importance, particularly with small companies and in thecase of contractors, since in such cases, due to the large capacity ofthe perforated drum devices, all existing types of materials can betreated thereon.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, thesupporting element consists of a cushion of a gaseous medium. For thispurpose, it is suggested to provide the apparatus with a blower and withthe appropriate guiding elements which make it possible to form acushion of air, steam or an air-steam mixture below the material beingtreated, or to expose the material from below to a gaseous medium. Sincematerials having substantially varying weights are treated on suchplants, it is necessary to adjust the air cushion which carries thematerial accordingly. This can be done in an effective manner byproviding a regulating or adjusting unit on the airproducing element,thereby making it possible to vary the amount of the medium to which thematerial is exposed.

In order to produce a suction draft, a blower is provided at theperforated drum where the material is removed from the pins or needlesof the tentering device. In a further feature of the present invention,it is proposed to employ the air drawn from the perforated sieve drumfor treating the material in the tentering section, that is to provide acommon blower for the transfer drum and for the tentering device. Theblower can be disposed on the front end of the transfer drum, where thematerial is removed from the pins, and appropriate conduit means arearranged beneath the tentering device, said conduit means directing theair drawn from the perforated transfer drum against the underside of thematerial disposed on the tentering device.

However, it is more advantageous to dispose the blower beneath thetentering device and to extend a suction line to the perforated inletdrum, since sufficient space is available for this purpose. The blowercan also be provided in the housing of the apparatus, beneath the firstperforated drum, that is, in the housing on the front end and at theinlet of the apparatus. Since the material is guided on the uppersurface of the first perforated sieve drum means, the air circulated inthe dryer is not disturbed by the arrangement of the blower beneath theperforated drum. When disposing the blower in the housing or beneath thetentering device or tentering station, it is also possible to extend thesuction lines to the perforated transfer drum and exert a suction onsaid drum from both sides which results in an uniform suction effect.

In order to regulate the air stream, it is advantageous to providenozzles, preferably adjustable nozzles, for example slotted nozzles, atthe tentering station beneath the material being treated. The effectivewidth of the nozzles should correspond to the respective tenter widths.In order to achieve this result, it is suggested to make the eff:ectivewidth of the nozzles adjustable, and to effect the adjustment of thenozzles preferably together with the adjustment of the tentering chainsto the respective tenter Width.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a particularlycompact structure can be obtained by extending the tentering elements ofthe tentering station and/ or the perforated band above or below allperforated drums to the rearmost perforated drum, so that these elementsand/ or the band transfer the material onto this drum before they runover the ends of the perforated drum. In this connection, it isadvantageous in many cases to provide the rearmost perforated drum witha larger diameter than the other perforated drums, since in this casethe tentering elements and/ or the perforated band, can be guided atleast around the rearmost perforated drum. However, it is also possibleto extend the tentering elements and/ or the perforated band above orbelow the housing to a point in close proximity to the rearmostperforated sieve drum. However, in many cases it is more advantageous toextend the tentering elements and/ or the perforated band in the housingup to the last perforated sieve drum, since it is thereby possible topretreat the materials while it is simultaneously being conveyed on thetentering chains and/or on the perforated band.

In case such devices are to be incorporated into a continuous plant, itis advantageous to associate a further conveying element, for example,at least one additional perforated band and/or tentering element withthe perforated drums. This is done by providing said additionalconveying element on the opposite side from the tentering station and/orthe perforated band serving as the inlet. This produces in the treatmentchamber a meandershaped or S-shaped path of the matetrial, the materialinlet and the material outlet being disposed at opposite ends of theapparatus. This space-saving construction is also desirable for treatingmaterials which do not shrink during the treatment process. For suchgoods, the conveying elements of the inlet can be disposed above theperforated drum in such a manner that the material arrives at thereceiving perforated drum by free fall, and the additional conveyingelements disposed beneath the perforated drums are arranged in such amanner that the material arrives by free fall from the deliveringperforated drum to these conveying elements, represented, for example,by a perforated band. Such an arrangement exhibits the advantage thatall of the drums have the same diameter and the material travelsautomatically through the treatment chamber even at the commencement ofthe operation of the plant.

For various materials, such as for example, nap material, thecombination of several drums over which the material is alternatelyconveyed is disadvantageous since the nap is thereby compressed. Also,it was discovered that during the transfer from one drum to anotherdrum, where the material is not held by a suction draft, said materialcan experience shrinking in itswidth. This danger is presentparticularly when the material is under a tensile stress during thetransfer, perhaps due to a faulty adjustment of the speeds of thevarious drums. Accordingly, it is further suggested to provide a devicehaving only one perforated sieve drum, to arrange the tentering stationbeneath this perforated drum, to transfer the material being treated atthat point directly to the perforated drum and to arrange the inlet andoutlet means in this device on one side of the apparatus and preferablyone above the other so that the perforated drum is substantiallyencompassed by the material. By substantially encompassing theperforated drum by the material being treated, said material spendsapproximately the same time within the treatment chamber as in theotherwise customary two-drum devices wherein the material is alternatelyguided around one-half of each drum. Furthermore, because onlyunilateral contact of the material being treated with the sieve drums iseffected, it is possible to treat nap goods on this device in a flawlessmanner. Furthermore, the apparatus exhibits a relatively shortstructural length.

If the apparatus is also to be used for fixing processes, then a coolingunit is generally additionally required, said cooling unit quenching thematerial after the fixing treatment. Accordingly, it is suggested todispose a cooling unit, preferably a perforated drum subjected to asuction draft, above the tentering station.

In order to obtain a flawless guidance of the material during removalfrom the perforated drum disposed in the treatment chamber, it isproposed to arrange at least one outlet roll at the exit of the device.From this roll, the material being treated can then be conveyed to thecooling unit. It is also advantageous to provide this roll at the outletas a perforated roll. Thus, it is possible to take in the air drawn inby the device at the outlet through the roll and through the materialguided on said roll, and thus precool the material and simultaneouslypreheat the drawn-in fresh air. This provides a very economical mode ofoperation.

In place of a roll, a trough-shaped chute can also be associated withthe perforated sieve drum at the outlet of the apparatus. A chute isrecommended especially when a complete stress-free treatment is desired,and in the case of treating nap goods. It is advantageous to mount thechute so that is pivotable or capable of being folded in the upwarddirection. Thus, the point where the material is transferred onto thepins, and the perforated drum remain readily accessible.

In the case of woven and knitted materials, for example polyamide, whichare to be stretched in their widths during the treatment, and which tendto shrink during the heat-treatment, it is advantageous to heat thesematerials to a substantial extent in the tentering station Where theyare held in the tentering chains. For this purpose, it is suggested toprovide the tentering station at the entrance to the treatment chamberwith a seal which can preferably be adjusted in its breadth, and toconduct in the treatment chamber, a partial stream of the circulatedtreatment medium, for example, air and/ or steam, against the bottom ofthe material being guided in the tentering station.

In order to prevent light-weight textile materials from being blownupwardly by the circulating treatment medium, it is proposed to hold thematerial, after it has been conveyed over the perforated drums, betweentwo perforated bands and thus conduct the material through thecirculating treatment medium in the housing, at least up to the outletof the apparatus.

Devices having perforated drums subjected to a suction draft for thedrying or steaming of loose fibrous material, combed yarn, severaltricot hoses disposed side-by-side, or several fabric webs disposedside-by-side, are well known. In accordance with a further embodiment ofthe present invention, the present apparatus can be selectively employedfor the treatment of web-type or loose materials. This can beaccomplished with the apparatus described hereinabove by providing anadditional inlet means for the material which is associated with thesieve means subjected to a suction draft, preferably a perforated sievedrum means, which takes over the web of material from the tenteringstation, this inlet means being disposed at another location, preferablyat a higher or lower point. This second material inlet means can beprovided with at least one roll if it is intended for feeding solely webor diagonally disposed materials. In this connection, the roll isdirectly associated with the subsequent perforated drum. However, if itis desired to also treat loose fibrous material on this device, then thesecond material inlet means should be provided with a conveyor belt.This conveyor belt can be associated with a roll disposed thereabove,for sealing purposes. It is advantageous to make the conveyor beltlonger than the tentering station or to have the conveyor belt extendbeyond said station so that the loose fibrous material can be placed onthe conveyor belt by a conventional device, for example a box feeder(hopper feeder), as a uniform fleece and can be transferred to the.perforated drum dryer.

In order to prevent the operating personnel from being hampered by theconveyor belt, which is preferably disposed above the tentering stationwhen the tentering station is to be operated, ti is suggested to mountthe conveyor belt so that it is pivotable and to provide the pivot axispreferably at the second inlet for the material. Thus, it is possible topivot the conveyor belt to a certain amount in the upward direction.

A very space-saving solution can also be obtained by providing aplatform above the tentering station, on which platform the materialfeeder or the materials can be placed together with additional unitssuch as a hopper feeder, and/or a foulard, and the like, when workingwith the second material inlet.

In order to obtain optimum efficiency on the first perforated drum inconnection with both inlets for the material being treated, it issuggested to associate a cover with the sieve drum subjected to asuction draft. This cover selectively shields the zone between the firstand second material inlets from the suction draft or alternativelyreleases the suction draft in this zone. The cover can be disposed onthe inside of the perforated sieve drum and can be pivotably mounted.However, it is also possible to produce such a cover from two perforatedor slotted metal sheets, at least one of which is displaceable withrespect to the other to such an extent that the perforations of the twometal sheets coincide or are offset with respect to each other. Thesemetal sheets can be provided within the perforated drum as well as onthe outside of said drum. In general, said metal sheets are adapted tothe curvature of the perforated drum.

By means of the above-mentioned features, an apparatus is obtained whichcan be utilized in a very versatile manner. Such a versatility isextremely important for smaller firms and for companies which must beable to treat all types of materials encountered on such an apparatus inorder to be able to fully utilize the large capacity of a perforateddrum plant.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will become morefully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow on theaccompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only andthus are not limitative of the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows a perforated sieve drum device in a longitudinal sectionalview provided with a tentering station disposed in front of said device;

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows the feature wherein the material being conveyed on thetentering station is provided with a cushion on the treatment medium;

FIG. 4 shows the device of FIG. 3 along the section line A-A.

FIGS. 5 to 8 show various possible combinations of the perforated sievedrum means with the tentering station;

FIG. 9 shows a cross sectional view through the device of FIG. 7;

FIGS. 10 and 11 show further embodiments of the apparatus of the presentinvention;

FIG. 12 shows a variation of the embodiments of FIGS. 10 and 11; and

FIGS. 13 and 14 show the inlet portion of the apparatus of the presentinvention wherein the tentering means and the material to be treated areseparately introduced into the treatment chamber.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring noW to the drawingswherein like reference numerals are used throughout the various views todesignate like parts the apparatus according to FIG. 1 comprises aweb-shaped material 1 which is conducted over rollers 2 and spreadduring said process. Subsequently, the material is transferred to atentering station 3 and taken over 'by the tentering chains 4. In theillustrated embodiments, the tentering chains are constructed as pins,spikes or needle chains having a vertical chain return system. However,it is also possible to employ tentering chains having a horizontal chainreturn. The material 1 is attached to the pins in a conventional mannerby means of circular brushes (brush disks) 5. The apparatus includes aheat-insulated housing 6 subdivided by a longitudinal Wall 7 into atreatment chamber and a fan chamber, which is customary in perforatedsieve drum dryers. Perforated drums 8, which are subjected to suctiondraft are disposed in the treatment chamber. In the fan chamber, thefans (not shown) are accommodated, said fans being required for theproduction of the suction draft. These fans blow the treatment mediumdrawn from the perforated drums 8, via heating units (not shown) aboveand below the perforated drums back into the treatment chamber. Thelongitudinal wall 7 accordingly extends only up to the perforated covers9 disposed above and beneath the perforated drums for making the flowuniform. On the side which is free of the material being treated, theperforated drum contains a cover or baflle member 10 which interruptsthe suction draft at this side of the sieve drum.

A suction roll 11 is disposed at the inlet of the housing 6 in order totransfer the material from the tentering chains 4 to the firstperforated drum 8. This roll, too, is shielded from the suction draft onthe side free from contact with the material being treated by means of acover plate 12.

In the apparatus according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the material 1 is guided onthe underside of the tentering chains 4 by a conveyor belt 13 which isassociated with the tentering chains. Thus, the material being treatedrests on this conveyor belt. The conveyor belt in these embodimentsextends beyond the maximum stretching width.

In FIG. 1, there is provided a suction roll 11 for guiding andsimultaneously for removing the material from the pins of the tenteringchains 4 to the first perforated drum 8. Also, in this suction roll theside free of material being treated is shielded from the suction draftby a cover plate .12.

The device according to FIG. 2 is similarly constructed to the device ofFIG. 1. However, in FIG. 2, the conveyor belt 13 partially extends aboutthe first perforated drum 8, so that for a short distance the materialis held between conveyort belt 13 and perforated drum 8 during theheating procedure. Both embodiments of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 exhibit theadvantage that it is possible with these devices to feed several tubesor obliquely distributed material, even loose fibrous material, to theperforated drums and thus treat such material.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, a blower 17 is providedunderneath the tentering station. This blower draws the air out of theperforated drum 8 from both front faces, by way of suction ducts 18, andblows this air, in turn, through conduit 20' and nozzles 21, against theweb material 1. This air stream prevents sagging of the material andensures a gentle treatment thereof. In place of air, it is also possibleto provide steam, or a steamair mixture. The blower motors are denotedby 19.

The present invention can also be utilized in a device wherein thetentering station terminates close and below the first perforated drum.In this device, the material is directly transferred from the tenteringstation to the perforated drum. In this connection, the material can beremoved from the pins either solely by the suction draft of theperforated drum, or by means of additionally provided, stationary orrotating elements, e.g., lifting or transfer elements.

In the embodiment where the tentering station extends to an appreciableextent into the housing and thus into the treatment chamber, a portionof the air drawn by the fan 16 from the perforated drum 8 can now beblow-11 against the material underneath the tentering station in thehousing. This exhibits the advantage that an addition to providing thatthe material being treated is carried on a cushion of air, the materialis also exposed to heating and optionally prefixing within the tenteringstage.

In the apparatus of FIG. 5, a web-shaped material 1 is pulled off amandrel 22 and guided with spreader rolls 2 to the inlet of a tenteringstation 3, where it is attached to the pin chains 4 by way of brushrollers 5. The tentering chains 4 move above the treatment chamber tothe rear portion of the heat-insulated housing 6 and are, at that point,passed around a perforated drum 8 subjected to a suction draft. Thematerial 1 held in the tentering chains rests on the perforated drum 8.The material 1 is heated to the treatment temperature by the suctiondraft before it is passed onto the additional perforated drums 8a whichcontain a substantially smaller diameter than the perforated drum 8.During the transfer from drum 8 to the perforated drums 8a, the textileweb is removed from the pins of the tentering chains. The tenteringchains 4 are returned to the inlet of the apparatus above the housing 6surrounding the small perforated drums 8a by way of return guidedeflection wheels 24. The material 1 is alternately conveyed over theindividual perforated drums 8a, so that it passes over and under saiddrums respectively. The portion of the perforated drum which is notcovered by the material 1 being treated is shielded from the suctiondraft by a conventional cover plate 10. Outside of the housing 6, areeling-up device 23 is provided for winding up the material 1 on amandrel. Outside of the housing 6, cooling drum 26 can additionally beprovided, as shown in FIG. 6, before the material 1 is reeled up.

The device of FIG. 6, is similar in its construction to the device ofFIG. 5. The material 1 is conducted to the tentering chains 4 by way ofa frame member 26. The tentering chains 4, in this embodiment, conveythe material 1 through the treatment chamber to the large perforateddrum 8, where the material 1 is pulled from the pins of the tenteringchains 4 by the suction draft of the perforated drum 8. During the timewhen the material is guided on the tentering chains in the treatmentchamber, it is generally already heated 'to the treatment temperature,so that in this case the tentering chains 4 hold the material by itswidth during the heating process. A subsequent shrinkage on theperforated drums is thus also avoided in this embodiment. In order torender the air flow uniform, screen covers or sieve sheets 9 areprovided above and beneath the perforated sieve drums.

The device of FIG. 7 is intended for the treatment of materials, which,during the treatment process to which they are subjected, do not shrinkat all, or only to a minor extent. For this reason, no tentering deviceis provided, but rather only an inlet belt 27 which is perforated. Thematerial 1 passes from the perforated inlet belt by free fall onto theperforated drums 8 disposed therebelow, and from there, again by freefall, to a further perforated belt 28, which is associated with anotherperforated belt 29 as the cover belt therefor. Thus, the material 1 isconveyed to the outlet by being guided between the perforated belts 28and 29 beneath the perforated sieve drums.

The cross section of this device is illustrated in FIG. 9. As can beseen therefrom, the internal space of the heatinsulated housing 6 issubdivided by a wall 7 into a heating chamber and a treatment chamber.Each perforated drum 8 is associated with a radial-flow fan 16, disposedat the front end of the drum. The drive 30 for the fan is attached atthe outside of housing 6. Heating units 31 are provided in the fanchamber above and below the fan 16. The drive 32 for the perforated drum8 is mounted on the other side of the housing.

The device of FIG. 8 is similarly constructed as the device of FIG. 7,with the exception that in this embodiment, the tentering chains 4 areprovided in place of an inlet belt 27. A supporting belt 13 isassociated with these chains in the treatment chamber. By means ofunpinning transfer elements 33, the textile web 1 is removed from thepins in this reversing zone of the tentering chains 4 and passes, infree fall, onto a perforated drum 8. The subsequent travel of thematerial corresponds exactly to that of FIG. 7.

In the device of FIG. 10, a web-shaped material 1 is conducted over aninlet frame 26 to brush roller 5, for attaching the material to theneedles of a tentering device 3. The tentering device 3 extends into atreatment chamber 14 and partially beneath a perforated drum 8. By meansof the suction draft of the perforated drum 8, the material 1 is liftedoff the pins of the tentering device 3 and guided on the perforated drum8 during the further treatment. The inlet and outlet in this apparatusare disposed one above the other in close proximity. At the outlet,rolls 39 are provided for guiding the material 1. The portion of theperforated drum 8 which is not covered by the material 1 being treatedis shielded, in a conventiona1 manner, from the suction draft by meansof a cover plate 10. Above the tentering device 3, on the outside of thehousing 6 of the device, a cooling drum 25 is provided. Subsequently,the material 1 passes via rolls 40 to a winding-up (baler) device 41 orto a coiling (reeling-up) device 23. The winding-up device 41 and thereeling-up device 23 can also be provided at the inlet of the device. Insuch an arrangement, the material is conducted from a cooling drum 25via the tentering device 3 and a frame 26 to the baler 41 or from thereeling-up device 23in front of said baler. This embodiment is shown inFIG. 11.

The construction of the apparatus according to FIG. 11 essentiallycorresponds to the device of FIG. 10, except that, in place of rolls 39,chute 42 is disposed at the outlet, said chute being mounted to bepivotable or foldable in the upwardly direction. This embodiment, inaddition to providing a completely tensionless operation, exhibits theadvantagethat the material during the start-up of the deviceautomatically exits the treatment chamber.

The apparatus of FIG. 12, with respect to the construction thereof,substantially corresponds to the apparatus of FIG. 10, except that aperforated roll 43 is provided at the outlet of the treatment chamber.By means of this perforated roll 43, the fresh air is drawn into thetreatment chamber of the device and thus twice through the materialexiting from the treatment chamber.

In case of thinner, very permeable materials, this perforated roll 43generally sufiicient for cooling thematerial satisfactorily, so that itis possible to omit the use of a special cooling roll 25, as in thedevices of FIGS. 10 and 11. Since, in the illustrated embodiments, thetentering station is sealed at the inlet into the treatment chamber 6,it is possible, for example, in a bilaterally blowing radial-flow fan,for the air returning in the downward direction into the treatmentchamber to flow up against the material 1 held in the tentering station3 and thus heat said material during this procedure to a substantialextent. Since materials containing synthetic fibers tend to shrinkduring the heating step, or during the fixing process, this measuremakes it possible to substantially prevent the shrinking of thematerial, even in cases where there is a more extensive stretching ofthe material in the width.

The two devices of FIGS. 13 and 14 possess a second material inlet 34.This inlet, in the device of FIG. 13, consists of a pair of rolls 35. Inthis device, tubular ma terial 36 is provided in the folded condition ona pedestal, said tubular material 36 being withdrawn by means of a roll37.

In the device of FIG. 14, the second material inlet 34 is provided witha conveyor belt 27 which, as indicated by the arrow 38, can be pivotedin the upward direction. A pair of rolls 35 is associated with theconveyor belt 27 at the inlet 34 for sealing purposes. By way of theconveyor belt 27, tubular and diagonal-type material, as well as loosefibrous material can be fed to the first perforated drum 8. This areabetween the point of transfer of the material from the tentering chains4 and the second inlet can be selectively exposed to a suction draft orshielded from a suction draft by means of a pivotably mounted covermember 10a.

The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same maybe varied in many ways. Such variations are' not to be regarded as adeparture from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all suchmodifications as would be apparent to one skilled in the art areintended to be included.

It is claimed:

1. An apparatus for the treatment of materials which comprises aheat-insulated treatment chamber, at least one sieve drum meanssubjected to a suction draft rotatably disposed within said treatmentchamber, fan means associated with the sieve drum means for producing asuction draft and for circulating the treatment medium in said treatmentchamber, heating means provided in the circulation zone of the treatmentmedium, inlet tentering means contaiinng tensioning chains extendinginto the treatment chamber and beneath a portion of the sieve drummeans, cooling sieve drum means disposed above the tentering means,outlet means also disposed above the tentering means and in closeproximity thereto for removing the material being treated from thetreatment chamber and introducing it to said cooling sieve drum means,and roller means for conveying the material to a winding-up device or areeling-up device.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an inlet frame is provided forintroducing the material being treated to the tentering means.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the winding-up device or reeling-updevice is on the same side of the treatment chamber as the inlet frame.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the winding-up device or reeling-updevice is on the opposite side of the treatment chamber from the inletframe.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outlet means are roller means.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outlet means is a pi-votablymounted chute means.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outlet means is a perforatedroll.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 3,503,134 3/1970 Fleissner34115X 3,510,955 5/1970 Fleissner 34-115X 3,521,378 7/1970 Fleissner34--115 5 EDWARD J. MICHAEL, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 34-158

